شکستگی مفصل آرنج
علائم شکستگی آرنج دست چیست ؟ شاید شکستگی مفصل آرنج برای شما هم پیش آمده باشد . اما به راستی بهترین روش درمان چیست ؟ آیا در رفتگی آرنج نیاز به مراقب های خاص دارد ؟ اگر پاسخ این سوالات را نمی دانید بهتر است مقاله زیر را مطالعه فرمایید.
شکستگی آرنج ممکن است محدود به یک یا چند استخوان باشد اما سبب می شود کل مفصل تحت تاثیر قرار گیرد .شکستگی هایی که در قسمت تنه و قسمت انتهایی هومروس و یا همان استخوان بازو اتفاق بیافتد و همچنین شکستگی هایی که در قسمت ابتدایی رادیوس و اونا که هر دو استخوان ساعد هستند رخ بدهد می تواند بر عملکرد کل مفصل آرنج تاثیر بگذارد .بسته به اینکه مکانیسم آسیب همراه با در رفتگی باشد یا خیر درمان های متفاوتی وجود دارد .در هنگام شکستگی آرنج باید به این نکته توجه داشته باشید که حتما سیستم عصبی عروقی توسط متخصص فیزیوتراپی مورد بررسی قرار گیرد زیرا می تواند همراه با در رفتگی و یا شکستگی این مفاصل به عروق و عصب ها آسیب رسانده باشد .
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مکانیسم آسیب
در رابطه با مکانیسم آسیب می توان گفت شکستگی استخوان آرنج مکانیسم های متفاوتی دارد .تنه استخوان بازو (هومروس) می تواند بر اثر نیروی مستقیم یا نیروی چرخشی ،به طور مثال زمانی که دست در وضعیت ثابتی باشد اتفاق بیافتد و یا ممکن است ضربه ای سبب آسیب به مفصل آرنج شود این نوع آسیب در ورزش چوگان به کرات دیده می شود ،همچنین ممکن است مکانیسم چرخشی سبب آسیب به مفصل آرنج شود به عنوان مثال در زمان حرکت پرش خرک در ژیمناستیک .
گاهی نیز شگستگی در خود مفصل دیده می شود این حالت بیشتر در زمانی که فرد با نوکآرنج خود مستقیما به زمین می خورد دیده می شود ،بیشتر این مورد در آسیب های ورزشی دیده می شود ،به طور مثال در والیبالیست ها که با نوک آرنج خود به زمین برخورد می کنند مشاهده می شود .ساعد دو استخوان دارد که معمولا شکستگی یک استخوان باعث در رفتن استخوان دیگر می شود . شکستگی استخوان های ساعد معمولا یک سوم کل آسیب های آرنج را شامل می شود این نوع آسیب در زنان شایع تر است و نسبتی در حدود ۲ به ۱ دارد.
شکستگی آرنج در کودکان
از آن جایی که کودکان تحرک و فعالیت بدنی بیشتری دارند، بیشتر در معرض زمین خوردن، آسیب ناحیه بازو و آرنج، و شکستگی در این نواحی هستند. اگر كودكى با فشار نسبتا زیادی زمین بخورد، احتمال شکستگی استخوان اطراف آرنج و ساعد افزایش می یابد.
آناتومی آرنج
مفصل آرنج، از سه استخوان تشکیل شده است، که به واسطه ارتباط شان با یکدیگر، نقش مهمی را در خم شدن، صاف شدن و چرخش این مفصل دارند.
– هومروس، استخوانی است که در قسمت بالایی بازو، بین شانه و آرنج قرار دارد.
– رادیوس، استخوانی است که بین آرنج و مچ دست قرار دارد.
– اولنا، استخوانی است که بین آرنج و مچ دست، و کنار استخوان رادیوس قرار دارد.
علائم و نشانه های شکستگی آرنج در کودکان
– التهاب و تورم
– درد مزمن
– ناتوانی در حرکت دادن آرنج
– تغییر شکل آرنج
– بی حسی و احساس ضعف در آرنج و بازو
از جمله علائم و نشانه های شکستگی آرنج می باشد. در صورتی که بعد از زمین خوردن کودک تان، متوجه چنین تغییراتی در ناحیه آرنج او شدید، سریعا به فیزیوتراپیست مراجعه کنید. آسیب های شدید می تواند با بی حس شدن و یا احساس سوزش در دست و ساعد نیز همراه باشد.
تشخیص شکستگی آرنج در کودکان
جهت تشخیص شکستگی آرنج، فیزیوتراپیست ابتدا به بررسی پوست اطراف آرنج و ساعد می پردازد، و با لمس و یا حرکت دادن این نواحی متوجه احساس درد کودک نیز خواهد شد. MRI و سی تی اسکن، از دیگر تست های تشخیصی هستند که شکستگی استخوان آرنج را نشان می دهند.
درمان شکستگی آرنج درکودکان
– درمان غیر جراحی
جهت تسکین درد، التهاب و یا تب داروهای مسکنی مانند ژلوفن برای کودک در نظر گرفته می شود.
بستن آرنج با آتل، تا استخوان های آسیب دیده، ثابت نگه داشته شوند، و در عین حال از درد کودک کاسته می شود، و از بروز آسیب های بعدی پیشگیری خواهد شد.
– درمان جراحی
بعد از آسیب های شدید و زمانی که استخوان از حالت طبیعی و اولیه خود خارج می شود، جراحی انجام خواهد شد. البته در مواردی که آسیب های دیگری مانند آسیب به اعصاب و یا رگ های خونی نیز وجود داشته باشد، جراحی توصیه می شود.
برای آرام شدن درد کودک چه می توان کرد؟
• کمپرس یخ را به مدت پانزده تا بیست دقیقه بر روی آرنج آسیب دیده قرار دهید. این کار در کاهش درد و التهاب بسیار موثر می باشد.
• آرنج کودک خود را بالاتر از قلب او نگه دارید، با این کار، از درد کودک شما کاسته می شود.
• انگشتان کودک خود را باز و بسته کنید، تا از قفل شدن دست پیشگیری شود.
• فیزیوتراپی از جمله اقداماتی است که به بهبود قوای عضلانی و دامنه حرکتی مفصل آسیب دیده کمک می کند. پس این مورد را پشت گوش نیندازید.
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